A child presents with hypotension, respiratory depression, and pinpoint pupils. What is the most appropriate antidote?

A male patient reports painful vesicular eruptions on the penis. Based on this presentation, which of the following is the most likely causative agent?

A patient is planned for elective colon surgery. What is the ideal timing for administration of prophylactic parenteral antibiotics?

Which of the following vasculitis is NOT classified as a medium-vessel disease?

A 65-year-old male with diabetes mellitus presents with purulent rectal discharge and is diagnosed with fistula-in-ano. Surgical management is planned. Which of the following procedures is considered internal anal sphincter-preserving?

According to ATLS guidelines, which of the following represents the correct sequence of steps in primary trauma management? Steps: a. Airway management with cervical spine protection b. Circulation with hemorrhage control c. Disability assessment d. Catastrophic bleeding control Which sequence is correct?

A 3-hour-old newborn is found to have a blood glucose level of 38 mg/dL on routine screening. The neonate is asymptomatic. What is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 45-year-old farmer from Northeast India presents with low-grade fever, progressive weight loss, night sweats, and productive cough. Chest CT reveals upper lobe cavitary lesions. Lung biopsy shows granulomatous inflammation with caseous necrosis and abundant histiocyte infiltration. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 45-year-old recently divorced alcoholic expresses suicidal ideation. What is the next best step?

What is the mechanism of action of Pretomanid under the BPaLM regimen?

An MRI of the ankle shows a whitish, irregular abnormality in the Achilles tendon. What is the most likely finding and its corresponding management?

Which of the following is correctly matched (Anti-aging compound — Molecular pathway)?

1. Elevated serum triglyceride levels are observed in all of the following conditions EXCEPT:

Which coenzyme is essential for carrying out transamination reactions in amino acid metabolism?

A patient presents with right iliac fossa pain for 48 hours. USG image (shown with Doppler) demonstrates a hyperaemic appendix-region structure with surrounding inflammatory changes. There is no free fluid or evidence of perforation on USG. What is the most appropriate next step?

Which of the following drug-receptor target pairings are correctly matched? 1. Trastuzumab — HER2 receptor 2. Sunitinib — HER1 (EGFR) 3. Gefitinib — HER1 (EGFR)

Lamotrigine is most effective in which of the following seizure types?

A 28-year-old woman with severe anorexia is admitted for nutritional rehabilitation. Within 48 hours of initiating enteral feeding, she develops muscle weakness, cardiac arrhythmias, and respiratory distress. Which metabolic abnormality is most characteristically responsible?

A 45-year-old chronic smoker is being counselled for smoking cessation therapy. Which of the following statements regarding nicotine replacement and pharmacotherapy is correct?

In the labelled diagram of laryngeal intrinsic muscles, which labelled muscle is solely responsible for abduction of the vocal cords?

A patient presents with hypercalcemia due to malignancy. According to the correct sequence of management, what should be the first step?

. A trauma patient is evaluated using the GCS. The patient localizes to painful stimuli, produces incoherent sounds, and opens eyes only in response to pain. What is the total GCS score?

A patient with chronic alcoholism presents with severe memory problems. Which of the following features is most characteristic of Korsakoff syndrome?

During a lumbar puncture procedure, the spinal needle traverses several anatomical layers in a defined sequence before reaching the subarachnoid space. Given the structures listed below, which option correctly represents the order in which they are pierced? 1. Ligamentum flavum 2. Supraspinous ligament 3. Interspinous ligament 4. Dura mater 5. Subdural space 6. Arachnoid mater 7. Epidural space Which option correctly represents the order in which they are pierced?

If a patient is on testosterone therapy, what changes can one see in LH and FSH levels?

Which of the following is NOT a recognized diagnostic feature of Kawasaki disease?

A 28-year-old male with bilateral femoral and tibial fractures and a chest wound presents with unstable blood pressure and tachycardia. After initial stabilization, what is the most appropriate initial management of his long bone fractures?

A patient presents with fever, headache, and neck stiffness suggestive of meningitis. CSF examination is performed, and Nigrosin stain reveals encapsulated budding yeast cells. Which of the following organisms is the most likely causative agent?

The virulence of Bacillus anthracis is mediated by two key plasmid-encoded factors. Which of the following is the correct biochemical composition?

Which statement correctly describes classical conditioning?

Intercalated disc is composed of: 1. Cadherins 2. Desmosomes 3. Gap junctions 4. Tight junctions

Assertion: In a nested case-control study, incidence rates can be derived from the parent cohort. Reason: Nested case-control studies have the ability to estimate relative risk accurately.

Match each poison with its characteristic feature: Column I — Poison Column II — Feature A. Carbon monoxide poisoning 1. Smell of bitter almond B. Organophosphorus poisoning 2. Pinpoint pupil with secretions C. Phosphorus poisoning 3. Cherry red discoloration D. Cyanide poisoning 4. Garlicky odour

A patient with a thyroid nodule undergoes FNAC, which yields a result suggestive of follicular carcinoma. What is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 58-year-old male presents with crushing chest pain radiating to the jaw. His ECG reveals ST- segment elevation in leads II, III, and aVF. Which coronary artery is most likely occluded?

Which of the following neurotransmitters is correctly matched with its synthesis site?

A patient is evaluated for a rare orofacial syndrome. The classical diagnostic triad of this condition is being reviewed. Which of the following is NOT a component of the Melkersson- Rosenthal syndrome triad?

A patient develops acute-onset severe unilateral hearing loss with no identifiable cause. Audiometry confirms sensorineural hearing loss. Which of the following pharmacological regimens is considered the first-line treatment for this condition?

A failure of fusion of the maxillary process with the medial nasal process during embryonic development results in which type of cleft anomaly?

Which physiological abnormality increases renin secretion?

Match each clinical sign in Column A with its corresponding dermatological condition in Column B:

Column A (Clinical Sign) Column B (Condition)

Positive Nikolsky sign Pemphigus vulgaris

Pseudo-Nikolsky sign Stevens-Johnson syndrome

False Nikolsky sign Bullous pemphigoid Cerebriform tongue Pemphigus vegetans

Which of the following is the correct match?

A child presents with a Gower sign. What does this finding indicate?

A 21-year-old girl presents with primary amenorrhea. Examination shows an absent uterus, present breast development, and sparse pubic and axillary hair. What is the genetic etiology?

Emotional tone and prosody of speech is primarily controlled by which brain region?

Which of the following gives a negative Benedict's test?

A prostatic biopsy report reveals a Gleason score of 8 (4 + 4). What is the corresponding Grade Group classification of this tumor?

Which of the following amino acid classifications are correctly matched? 1. Uncharged polar AA – Cysteine 2. Nonpolar AA – Histidine 3. Basic AA – Proline 4. Basic AA – Lysine

Which molecular biotechnology is depicted in the image shown below:

A novel anti-aging compound induces autophagy by inhibiting EP300 histone acetyltransferase, leading to deacetylation of autophagy-related proteins. Which known anti-aging agent works by the same mechanism?

. A 5-year-old child presents with recurrent episodes since age 3, characterized by sudden behavioral arrest, repetitive picking movements of the right hand, and goosebumps. The child is unresponsive during episodes and has no memory of them afterward. Which of the following is correct? 1. Focal seizure with intact awareness 2. Focal seizure with impaired awareness 3. Frontal lobe semiology 4. Temporal lobe semiology

In a defined population, approximately 67% of all stroke cases are attributable to uncontrolled hypertension. If hypertension were adequately managed, 2/3rd of the stroke burden could be eliminated. This is an example of:

Which of the following is classified as a probable sign of pregnancy?

A. Hegar's sign

B. Goodell's sign

C. Braxton Hicks contractions

D. Seitz sign

Q2. A 32-year-old woman with a history of splenectomy presents to the emergency department with sudden-onset high-grade fever, vomiting, hypotension, and rapidly progressive septic shock. Her symptoms began 2 weeks after a minor febrile illness. Which organism is the most likely causative agent of this life-threatening condition?

An infant ingests a pesticide. Which drug reverses the acetylcholinesterase block?

A 40-year-old female is scheduled for parotid surgery and is administered general Anaesthesia. Approximately 10 minutes into the procedure, the following findings are noted: • Rise in end-tidal CO₂ (EtCO₂) • Temperature: 104°F (40°C) • Heart rate: 150 bpm • Blood pressure: 180/110 mmHg What is the most likely diagnosis?

Which of the following statements regarding hormones and their metabolic actions are correct? A. Insulin increases protein synthesis B. Thyroxine decreases basal metabolic rate C. Insulin decreases blood glucose levels D. Epinephrine increases glycogenolysis E. Glucagon increases gluconeogenesis

. In which of the following conditions is cyanosis most likely to be a clinical finding?

A 25-year-old college student presents with progressive headache, vomiting, and double vision. Examination reveals bilateral 6th nerve palsy and papilledema. CT brain shows hydrocephalus. CSF analysis reveals lymphocytic dominance, markedly low glucose, and elevated protein. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Images show café au lait spots, Lisch nodules on the iris, and swelling near the eye. Identify the most likely syndrome:

Which muscle, as shown in the diagram, attaches to the cartilaginous portion of the Eustachian tube and also blends with the soft palate?

A 45-year-old chronic smoker is being counselled for smoking cessation therapy. Which of the following statements regarding nicotine replacement and pharmacotherapy is correct?

During tattooing, in which layer of the skin is the pigment/ink primarily deposited?

Respiratory depression is NOT a feature of which of the following poisonings?

On investigating an outbreak, an epidemiologist plots an epidemic curve of acute febrile illness showing successive clusters separated by approximately 1 incubation period apart. Which of the following diseases shows this pattern of propagated spread?

Which cerebral lobe primarily governs hand–eye coordination?

A male traveller from Afghanistan is found dead in a hotel room. Autopsy shows the stomach packed with foreign substances. What is this phenomenon called?

The given disorders are associated with dystonia and basal ganglia involvement. Which one requires a fundamentally different treatment approach than the others?

Which statement is correct regarding assessment of heterogeneity in meta-analysis?

A 20-month-old child walks independently without support, scribbles spontaneously, and appropriately follows and obeys simple commands. However, the child speaks only one meaningful word. What is the most appropriate next step in management?

Health data from 15 nations investigating the relationship between per capita tobacco consumption and national COPD prevalence, revealing a strong positive correlation. Which study type best describes this?

Match the following antibiotics with their most commonly associated organism:

1. Streptomycin a. Streptococcal pharyngitis

2. Amoxicillin b. H. pylori

1. Doxycycline c. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

4. Clarithromycin d. Chlamydia trachomatis

A wound swab reveals gram-positive cocci in clusters, catalase-positive, sensitive to Cefoxitin and Oxacillin. What is the drug of choice?

In DNA replication, which enzyme synthesizes RNA primers?

An 8-year-old boy presents with freckling in the armpits, soft skin tumors over the back, and learning difficulties. His father has similar skin lesions. The images show findings under the slit lamp. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Assertion: The structural diversity of glycans exceeds that of proteins. Reason: Glycans are not assembled using a genetic template and can form branched chains with variable linkages.

Q8. Which of the following enzymes are active in the dephosphorylated state? 1. Glycogen synthase 2. Glycogen phosphorylase 3. Fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 4. Phosphofructokinase-2 (PFK-2)

Lamotrigine is most effective in which of the following seizure types?

A new screening test is evaluated in a population of 1,000 individuals. Of these, 100 individuals are known to have the disease. The test correctly identifies 90 of the diseased individuals, while 50 non-diseased individuals are false positives. Based on the data below, what is the Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of this screening test? Screening Test Diseased Non-Diseased Test Positive 90 50 Test Negative 10 850 Total 100 900

A 34-year-old female, G2P1, with a history of pre-eclampsia in her previous pregnancy, comes for her first ANC visit at 12 weeks. What is the most appropriate intervention for prevention of pre- eclampsia in her current pregnancy?

Q2. What is the mechanism of action of Resmetirom?

Q5. Which adrenergic or muscarinic receptor subtype is coupled to the Gs protein?

Q4. Match each of the following organs with its correct embryological tissue of origin: Organ Embryological Origin

A. Thyroid gland 1. Neural crest cells

B. Adrenal medulla 2. Intermediate mesoderm

C. Kidney 3. Endoderm

A primigravida delivers the fetal head but the shoulders fail to deliver despite routine traction. What is the first step in management?

Calculate the Therapeutic Index of the given drug from the dose-response curve below:

In femoral neck fracture management using the Garden classification, which treatment is indicated for an elderly patient?

A 2-year-old child with a history of old knee injury now has varus deformity of the left knee. Deformity persists on flexion; blood report is normal. X-ray shows unilateral genu varum and angulated tibia. What is the diagnosis?

All the following are ligand-gated ion channels EXCEPT:

Which of the following clinical features best distinguishes mechanical small bowel obstruction from paralytic ileus?

A female patient presents with recurrent epistaxis and a unilateral nasal cavity mass. CT scan reveals localised bony erosion. Among the following differential diagnoses, which is the LEAST likely cause of these findings?

A 60-year-old patient presents with pruritus and obstructive jaundice. Physical examination reveals a palpable, non-tender gallbladder. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A newborn presents with a skin lesion as shown. The infant is feeding normally, has no fever, hypotension, or shock signs. Which diagnosis is most likely?

A female child had normal developmental milestones until 6–8 months of age, after which she developed progressive regression in language, social interaction, and adaptive behavior. The regression was accompanied by loss of purposeful hand use replaced by stereotyped repetitive hand-wringing or clapping movements, and deceleration of head circumference growth. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A 16-year-old rape survivor presents at 16 weeks of pregnancy. All of the following are responsibilities of the examining doctor EXCEPT:

A patient is diagnosed with invasive mucormycosis following COVID-19 infection. Which of the following antifungal agents has NO activity against Mucor species and should be avoided?

On histopathological examination of the liver from a chronic alcoholic, the following image is observed. Which special stain is the best choice to confirm the diagnosis?

Q19. Which of the following statements regarding wound healing is correct?

Histopathological examination of cardiac tissue from a post-MI patient shows a predominant neutrophilic infiltrate. This finding corresponds to which post-infarction time window?

What causes the resting tremors in Parkinson's disease?

Match each of the following clinical conditions with its most appropriate diagnostic investigation: Clinical Condition Investigation A. Pancreatic pseudocyst 1. FNAC B. Thyroid nodule 2. MRCP C. Prostate cancer 3. PET scan D. Obstructive jaundice 4. CT scan Which of the following is the correct match?

Which of the following statement is correct with respect to the Pearl Index?

A patient presents with Hb 8 g/dL, MCV 62 fL, and low serum ferritin. Which type of anemia is most likely?

Which of the following is an INCORRECT pairing of virus and associated malignancy?

A female presents with greenish frothy discharge; whiff test and Amsel’s criteria are negative. What microscopy feature is expected?

According to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) colon injury grading scale, how is a colonic laceration involving more than 50% of the bowel wall circumference without complete transection classified?

Calculate the Odds Ratio with the following data: Cancer No Cancer Smoking 80 20 No Smoking 40 60

Which sensory receptor generates a hyperpolarizing receptor potential upon stimulation?

On defecography, a rectocele is considered clinically significant when there is anterior bulging of the rectal wall into the posterior vaginal wall measuring more than:

During laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair, what is the minimum distance of dissection required below the inguinal ligament to adequately expose the myopectineal orifice?

Which of the following statements regarding the HPV vaccine is correct?

On histopathological examination of the gastro-esophageal junction, the following image is observed. What is the probable diagnosis?

Following a bolus administration of insulin, which of the following occurs?

Q6. Match the following:

1. Most essential fatty acid a. Safflower oil

1. Amino acid (AA) score b. Protein scoring system

3. Oil rich in essential fatty acid c. Protein quality + digestibility

4. Net Protein Utilization (NPU) d. Linoleic acid

Q3. Which of the following reagents is used for the digestion and decontamination of a sputum sample collected for tuberculosis diagnosis?

An elderly female patient presents to the emergency department with acute onset left flank pain radiating to the groin. What is the most appropriate imaging protocol for initial evaluation?

Identify the type of elimination kinetics represented in the given graph:

An elderly immunocompromised patient presents with blood-stained nasal discharge and a black necrotic eschar covering the right nasal cavity, hard palate, and nasal turbinates. Histopathology reveals broad aseptate hyphae. Which organism is the most common causative agent of this life-threatening condition?

An elderly patient dies, and an autopsy reveals neuritic plaques in the brain. What is the most likely diagnosis?

After ingesting a liquid, a patient presents with pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression, excessive salivation, bradycardia, sweating, and lacrimation. What is the treatment of choice?

. Which of the following is least likely to be considered a major independent risk factor for falls in the elderly?

Which of the following drugs is classified as a novel antidepressant?

In which type of constipation are stimulant laxatives contraindicated or should be avoided?

Which instruction is correct for a patient using nicotine replacement therapy?

In Myasthenia Gravis, why does repetitive nerve stimulation show a decremental response?

Match the following:

1. Metabolic acidosis a. Hyperventilation

2. Metabolic alkalosis b. Bronchopneumonia

3. Respiratory acidosis c. Pyloric stenosis

4. Respiratory alkalosis d. Glycol poisoning

Assertion (A): In a patient with scrotal swelling, examination of the superficial inguinal lymph nodes should always be performed. Reason (R): Most lymphatic drainage from scrotal skin goes to the superficial inguinal lymph nodes. Choose the correct option:

11. A newborn presents with craniofacial abnormalities, severely reduced muscle tone, and seizures. Biochemical analysis reveals elevated very long chain fatty acids in serum. What is the most likely underlying cause?

Which of the following statements are true about diphtheria toxin? A. It inhibits EF-2 B. It is an A-B type exotoxin C. It has particular affinity for myocardial and nervous tissue D. Toxin is produced only by strains carrying a plasmid Choose the correct answer:

Which structure in the nephron functions as the counter-current multiplier to help concentrate urine?

Q5. A female presents with high grade fever, diffuse erythematous rash and hypotension. She is currently menstruating and using tampoons. The toxin responsible acts by?

The image shown depicts a piece of sterilization equipment. Which of the following statements regarding its sterilization properties is INCORRECT?

A 38-year-old man with advanced HIV infection (CD4 count: 60 cells/mm³) presents with chronic watery diarrhea for 2 months, significant weight loss, intermittent fever, and fatigue. Colonoscopy is performed, and biopsy from the colonic mucosa demonstrates trophozoites with RBCs. What is the most likely causative organism?

Which features help distinguish central nystagmus from peripheral nystagmus?

A 12-year-old presents with hypertension and hematuria. Serum C3 is raised. Renal biopsy shows subepithelial hump deposits on EM. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 15-year-old boy presents with hypertension and salt-water retention. He is suspected to have 17-alpha hydroxylase deficiency. What is the expected serological profile?

What is the expected amplitude of accommodation in a healthy child?

Q1. A patient presents with focal hair loss accompanied by pruritus and scalp scaling. Which of the following treatments is most suitable?

A patient presents to the emergency room with breathlessness. Cardiac causes are suspected but need to be differentiated from obstructive lung disease. Which of the following features is more characteristic of heart failure?

An infant presents with pruritic lesions distributed over the hands, feet, and periumbilical region. Which of the following diagnoses best fits this clinical picture?

A 38-year-old male presents with sudden onset palpitations. He has no known comorbidities and his vitals are stable. ECG shows an irregularly irregular rhythm with no identifiable P waves and a ventricular rate of 130 beats per minute. What is the most likely diagnosis?

During oral rehydration therapy in diarrhoea, which transporter is most active in promoting fluid absorption?

In a graph of glomerular filterability vs. effective molecular radius, if X and Y are two molecules, which statement is correct?

1. Y has more filterability than X

2. Y has more filterability than Z

3. X has less filterability than Y

4. X represents positively charged molecules

A. 1 and 2

B. 2 and 3

C. 3 and 4

D. 1 and 4

Answer: C

Damage to the glomerular capillary wall causes which of the following to appear in urine?

A patient with long-standing chronic inflammatory disease develops systemic amyloidosis. Which amyloid protein subtype is characteristically deposited?

A 12-year-old child presents with mild fever, runny nose, sore throat, and cough for 3 days. Clinical examination is consistent with an upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). There is no respiratory distress, oxygen desaturation, or focal chest findings. What is the most appropriate next step regarding imaging?

Following an explosion, a person sustained burns to the face and chest. What type of blast injury is this?

Reason for biphasic flow in right coronary artery?

Match the following conditions with their hormonal profiles:

Condition Hormonal Profile

1. PCOS A. Normal FSH, Normal LH, Normal Estradiol - B. Decreased FSH, Decreased LH, Decreased

2. Primary Ovarian Failure Estradiol - C. Increased LH, Normal to Low FSH (High

3. Asherman Syndrome LH:FSH ratio)

4. Sheehan Syndrome -D. Markedly Increased FSH, Low Estradiol

A 30-year-old female post-RTA has persistent pain uncontrolled by analgesics. Compartment pressure is 90 mmHg with absent pulse. What is the treatment?

Which statement correctly describes incomplete penetrance?

following congenital heart diseases is most likely responsible for this clinical presentation?

A patient is found to have a dark black lesion on the plantar surface of the foot. What is the most appropriate initial investigation?

Answer: C

What is the fundamental surgical principle underlying TME in the operative management of rectal cancer?

A neonate presents with prolonged neonatal jaundice, an umbilical hernia, and generalized hypotonia. Which of the following is the most likely underlying diagnosis?

A proximal humerus fracture is classified using Neer's classification. Which surgical option is most appropriate for a 4-part fracture in a young patient?

Q9. Regarding ESBL-producing organisms and their treatment, which of the following statements are correct?

1. 1st generation cephalosporins such as Cefazolin retain activity against ESBL producers, unlike 3rd generation

2. Carbapenems have proven clinical efficacy against ESBL-producing organisms

3. The beta-lactamase enzyme responsible for ESBL resistance is encoded on transferable plasmids

4. Piperacillin-Tazobactam is a reliable and effective alternative to Carbapenems

A young patient presents with recurrent fever and constitutional symptoms. Evaluation reveals a mediastinal mass and biopsy confirms lymphoma. In the staging system, 'X' is mentioned. What does 'X' denote?

A patient diagnosed with beta-thalassemia major is being evaluated. Which of the following is characteristic of this condition?

Which of the following electrolyte or metabolic abnormalities is NOT a component of the lethal triad associated with massive blood transfusion?

A child presents with fever, altered level of consciousness, and signs of meningeal irritation. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis reveals the following findings: • Cell differential: Predominantly lymphocytes • Protein: Elevated • Glucose: Low Based on these CSF findings, what is the most likely diagnosis?

Q6. A developmental remnant of the embryological hindgut persisting in the retrorectal (presacral) space is most likely to give rise to which of the following lesions?

A. Chondroma

B. Tailgut cyst

C. Epidermoid cyst

D. Dermoid cyst

Which of the following structures is NOT part of the trabecular outflow pathway?

A peripheral blood smear is shown below. Which supravital stain was used?

A patient is unable to pass urine four hours after an instrumental vaginal delivery. Examination reveals a bluish cystic swelling in the vaginal wall. What is the most likely diagnosis?

The histological section shown in the image, characterized by predominantly serous acini, is best identified as which organ?

A patient on long-term steroid therapy presents with centripetal obesity, buffalo hump, and abdominal striae. Dexamethasone suppression test confirms the diagnosis. What is the next investigation to identify the source?

Q5. Match each of the following gastrointestinal organs with its distinctive histological feature:

Organ Histological Feature

1. Ileum a. Taenia coli

2. Transverse colon b. Villi

3. Esophagus c. Peyer's patches

1. Duodenum d. Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

RADIOLOGY

A radiologist is reviewing requests for gadolinium-based contrast MRI (ACR Group II agent). In which of the following clinical scenarios is contrast-enhanced MRI CONTRAINDICATED or requires special caution?

A 10-year-old boy presents with excessive eating (hyperphagia) and obesity, with a BMI of 33. Genetic testing shows a deletion on chromosome 15. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Based on the image, what is the range of the firearm wound?

In the diagram of the abdominal wall musculature, the muscle labelled 'X' and the structure formed by its aponeurosis are best identified as:

Which of the following statements is correct regarding Ticagrelor?

On evaluating an influenza vaccine, it demonstrated an efficacy of 95% in randomized controlled trials and an effectiveness of 90% in post-marketing surveillance studies. Which of the following statement is incorrect?

Which of the following correctly describes the changes that take place during dark adaptation? A) Retinol is converted to vitamin D B) Dilated pupils C) Eyes sensitive to light D) Functional rhodopsin is formed (Opsin binds with 11-cis-retinal)

A wound swab reveals gram-positive cocci in clusters, catalase-positive, sensitive to Cefoxitin and Oxacillin. What is the drug of choice?

Q12. A laboratory worker accidentally inhales fumes of an oxidative phosphorylation uncoupling agent. Which of the following physiological changes is most likely to occur?

Regarding the cardiovascular effects of halothane on blood pressure, the following statements are given: 1. A drop of 20–30 mmHg in blood pressure is commonly observed 2. The fall in blood pressure begins early and is proportional to the depth of Anaesthesia 3. The fall in blood pressure reduces as the depth of Anaesthesia 4. The baroreceptor reflex mechanism is activated in response to the fall in blood pressure Which of the above statements are correct?

What is the primary cause of mild breathlessness experienced during normal pregnancy?

A pregnant woman with SLE delivers a neonate who is found to have a heart rate of 45 beats per minute. ECG confirms complete heart block. Which maternal antibody is most likely responsible?

Q13. Identify the skin receptor shown in the image:

A 66-year-old female has normal calcium, elevated PTH, low phosphate, and raised ALP. What is the diagnosis?

A woman presents with frothy green vaginal discharge, intense pruritus, and a negative Whiff test. What is seen on microscopy?

What is the primary molecular mechanism by which UV light induces carcinogenesis?

A pathologist receives a formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue section. Which technique is most appropriate for identifying and localizing specific proteins within this section in situ?

In neuropraxia, what is the pathological finding?

A child diagnosed with Dravet syndrome is receiving multi-drug anti-seizure therapy and is being considered for add-on treatment with fenfluramine. Which of the following monitoring strategies is most critical before initiating and during the course of this therapy, given the known pharmacological adverse-effect profile of fenfluramine?

A patient from North-East India presents with pulmonary cavitary lesions and hepatic nodules. Sputum AFB smear is negative. Biopsy shows caseating granulomas with Langhans-type giant cells and raised ESR. What is the most probable diagnosis?

Unlike other calcium channel blockers, Cilnidipine does not cause reflex tachycardia. What is the reason for this?

A diabetic patient presents with facial pain, black nasal eschar and eye pain following corticosteroid therapy. What is the etiological agent?

A patient has sudden, painful loss of vision with RAPD but a normal-appearing optic disc on fundoscopy. What is the diagnosis?

A 40-year-old female with progressive left flank pain, no mass or fever. What is the next best step?

A 35-year-old HIV-positive female on irregular ART presents with headache, confusion, fever, and right-sided weakness. Her CD4 count is 40 cells/mm³. MRI brain shows multiple ring-enhancing lesions in the basal ganglia. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Health data from 15 nations investigating the relationship between per capita tobacco consumption and national COPD prevalence, revealing a strong positive correlation. Which study type best describes this?

6. A young female presents with fatigue, pallor, and symptoms suggestive of iron deficiency anemia. A microscopic image of her stool examination is provided. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the parasite identified?

Which type of injury is characterized by the 'sparrow foot' pattern?

A 55-year-old patient presents to the emergency department with abdominal pain, distension, and vomiting. Imaging confirms a diagnosis of cecal volvulus. Which of the following risk factors is responsible for 50–70% of cecal volvulus cases?

Which of the following bacteria possesses two circular DNA molecules (i.e., two distinct chromosomes) in its genome?

Under the RMNCH+A programme, a state is categorized in the "Red" zone. Which criterion is likely responsible for this classification?

A 60-year-old man with treated TB 1 year ago presents with low back pain. MRI spine shows a lesion. What is the most appropriate next investigation?

The injury shown in the image is best described as: